Understanding Ecological Succession

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Mostly related to the fungal-to-bacterial ratio.  Ecological succession is the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves. It involves a series of progressive changes in the species composition of an ecosystem 

 This occurs in lifeless areas where there is no soil, such as after a lava flow or a glacier retreat. Pioneer species like lichens and mosses are the first to colonize these areas 

   This type occurs in areas where a disturbance has destroyed a community but left the soil intact, such as after a forest fire or hurricane. It typically progresses faster than primary succession 

 These are the first species to colonize a barren environment in primary succession. They are usually hardy and can withstand harsh conditions, helping to create soil for other species2 

 As soil quality improves, grasses, shrubs, and small trees begin to establish themselves. These species further modify the environment, making it more suitable for other species 

 This is the final stage of succession, where the ecosystem becomes stable and reaches equilibrium. The species composition remains relatively unchanged until the next disturbance 

  Natural events like fires, storms, and human activities can reset succession, creating opportunities for new species to colonize and grow

 During succession, soil quality improves as organic matter accumulates from decomposing plants and animals. This enhances nutrient availability and supports more diverse plant life 

 Succession contributes to ecosystem services such as soil formation, nutrient cycling, and habitat creation, which are essential for the health of the environment and human well-being3.